Introduction.
1. An Operating System is a software program or set of programs that mediate access between physical devices (such as a keyboard, mouse, monitor, disk drive or network connection) and application programs (such as a word processor, World-Wide Web browser or electronic mail client).
2. Hardware refers to a physical piece of a computer. This could be a hard drive, monitor, memory chip, or CPU. The key idea is that the item is something you can touch. This compares to software which is not tangible in any way. You can't pick it up or weigh it. Yet, without software, hardware is useless.Typical examples of hardware include the computer you're using to view this page, the hard drive that has this page stored on it, and the mouse you used to click on a link to bring you to this page.
3. Computer software, or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computerwhat to do and how to do it. We can also say software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer for some purposes. In other words software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms and its documentation. Program softwareperforms the function of the program it implements, either by directly providing instructions to the computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of software. The term was coined to contrast to the old term hardware (meaning physical devices). In contrast to hardware, software is intangible, meaning it "cannot be touched". Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense, meaning application software only. Sometimes the term includes data that has not traditionally been associated with computers, such as film, tapes, and records.
2.1 Meaning of Open Source Operating System (OS)
- An open source (OS) operating system is a set of programs that schedule tasks, allocates storage and presents a default interface to the user between applications. But this OS is free, user have the right to use, modify and redistribute the software for better interoperability.
2.2 Example of Open Source Operating System (OS)
-Linux
Linux is very similar to other operating systems, such as Windows and OS X.Linux is developed collaboratively, meaning no one company is solely responsible for its development or ongoing support. Companies participating in the Linux economy share research and development costs with their partners and competitors.
The favorites Linux OS is Linux Ubuntu, Linux Redhat, Linux Caldera
Linux is very similar to other operating systems, such as Windows and OS X.Linux is developed collaboratively, meaning no one company is solely responsible for its development or ongoing support. Companies participating in the Linux economy share research and development costs with their partners and competitors.
The favorites Linux OS is Linux Ubuntu, Linux Redhat, Linux Caldera
3.1 Meaning of Open Source Application Software
- Open source software is computer software for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that meets the Open Source Definition or that is in the public domain. This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms. It is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open source software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user-generated content. The term open source software originated as part of a marketing campaign for free software.
3.2 Examples of Open Source Application Software
- Mozilla Firefox
- Open Office
4.0 The Latest Development in ICT
4.1 Hardware
· Years ago, we use the mouse with wire, but now we can use wireless mouse.
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4.2 Software
· Microsoft Office; The latest Microsoft office is easier and complete to use compare with Microsoft office 97
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5.0 Introduction to Pervasive Computing
5.1 Meaning of Pervasive Computing.
- The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to everyday devices with embedded technology and connectivity as computing devices become progressively smaller and more powerful. Also called ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing is the result of computer technology advancing at exponential speeds - a trend toward all man-made and some natural products having hardware and software. Pervasive computing goes beyond the realm of personal computers. It is the idea that almost any device, from clothing to tools to appliances to cars to homes to the human body to your coffee mug, can be imbedded with chips to connect the device to an infinite network of other devices. The goal of pervasive computing, which combines current network technologies with wireless computing, voice recognition, Internet capability and artificial intelligence, is to create an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.
5.2 Example of Pervasive Computing.
- Smartphone
A smartphone is a mobile phone offering advanced capabilities, often with PC-like functionality. There is no industry standard definition of a smartphone. For some,
a smartphone is a phone that runs complete operating system software providing a standardized interface and platform for application developers. For others, a smartphone is simply a phone with advanced features like e-mail, Internet and e-book
reader capabilities, and/or a built-in full keyboard or external USB keyboard and VGA connector. In other words, it is a miniature computer that has phone capability.
- Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer, also known as a palmtop
computer. Newer PDAs also have both color screens and audio capabilities, enabling them to be used as mobile phones, web browsers, or portable media players. Many PDAs can access the Internet via Wi-Fi, or Wireless Wide-Area Networks (WWANs). Many PDAs employ touch screen technology.
6.0 Conclusion
Open Source can be used by anyone and because it has no copyright claims, so users are free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms. Pervasive Computing is to make our lives easier because we can interact with computers. Besides that, we can easily give the computer commands and the computer will grant your wish.
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